Consistent across studies, this review found that schools with anti-bullying policies that enumerated protections based on sexual orientation and gender identity were associated with better protection of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students. Whereas several studies show that the presence or quality of policies is associated with lower rates of bullying among students, other studies found no such associations between policy presence or quality and reductions in bullying. Results: Substantially more educators perceive anti-bullying policies to be effective rather than ineffective. Following duplicate removal and double-independent screening based on a priori inclusion criteria, 21 studies were included for review. Method: Searches of 11 bibliographic databases yielded 489 studies completed since January 1, 1995. This systematic review evaluates the methodological characteristics and summarizes substantive findings of studies examining the effectiveness of school bullying policies. Although anti-bullying policies are prevalent, little is known about their effectiveness. Objective: Bullying threatens the mental and educational well-being of students.
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